It is important to note that the difference in incidence of neonatal jaundice did not affect pregnancy outcomes in the study population.
This significant difference held up after multivariate analysis that adjusted for prematurity, neonatal sex, year of birth, use of oxytocin to induce labor, neonatal systemic antibiotic treatment, maternal age, parity, and smoking at the end of pregnancy. However, neonates exposed to nitrofurantoin in the last 30 days before delivery had a significantly higher rate of neonatal jaundice requiring treatment compared with neonates exposed to pivmecillinam during the same stage of pregnancy (10.8% and 8.8%, respectively p=0.023). Moreover, the rates of negative pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth and neonatal mortality, low birth weight, preterm delivery, transfer to NICU, or Apgar score lower than 7 at 5 minutes were no different among the study groups.
After comparing 1334 mothers who received nitrofurantoin during their pregnancy with 5800 mothers who received pivmecillinam and 130,889 mothers who received no antibiotics for UTIs, the researchers found that the incidence of any malformation-including cardiovascular, atrial septum, or ventricular septum defects-were no different among the groups.
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